The article discusses the critical role of natural resource management, particularly focusing on watershed management as a sustainable approach to handling both natural and human resources. It emphasizes the shift from a governmental management model, which often relies on specialized knowledge and lacks stakeholder cooperation, to a governance model that promotes participation, coordination, and collective learning among diverse stakeholders. The authors argue that this shift is essential for addressing the complex challenges in watershed management, especially within Iran, where contradictory views among stakeholders hinder effective governance.
The article presents social network analysis (SNA) as a valuable tool for identifying and understanding the relationships among various organizations involved in watershed management. It outlines how SNA can help map communication patterns, identify influential actors, and improve decision-making processes. The study focuses on the Chehelchay watershed in Golestan province, Iran, analyzing interactions among 30 organizations using SNA to evaluate their roles in information exchange, coordination, and participation.
Findings reveal a low level of organizational coherence, particularly in the participation network, suggesting that while information exchange and coordination exist, they lack significant engagement and collaboration among organizations. Key findings indicate that governmental organizations dominate the networks, limiting the role of non-governmental organizations in watershed governance.
The authors conclude that for effective watershed management, collaboration and active participation from all stakeholders, including NGOs, are necessary. They recommend strengthening communication, regular meetings among organizations, and developing strategies for inclusive and participatory resource management to bridge existing gaps in governance. Overall, the study highlights the need to shift towards a governance framework that fosters integrated and sustainable management of natural resources through collaborative efforts among various stakeholders.
